# Spreadsheets Level 2: Functions and references (free quiz and certificate) | Get Certified for Free

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Spreadsheets · Level 2 of 5 · Foundations

# Functions and references

AVERAGE, COUNT, IF, and relative versus absolute references.

## Study notes

1. AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, and COUNT summarize a range. COUNT counts numbers; COUNTA counts non-empty cells.
1. IF returns one value when a condition is true and another when false: =IF(B2>=70,"Pass","Retake").
1. A relative reference like A1 changes when you copy a formula. An absolute reference like $A$1 stays fixed.
1. Use absolute references for constants such as a tax rate stored in one cell.
1. COUNTIF and SUMIF count or add only cells that meet a condition: =SUMIF(A:A,"West",C:C).

## Quiz: 6 questions

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